Sosyal Bilimler ve Sağlık Bülteni

Derleme Makale

Sayı 16 (2025)

Modern Tıpta Dualizmin İzleri: İndirgemecilikten Bütüncüllüğe Geçiş

Gönderildi
July 31, 2025
Yayınlanmış
2025-11-18

Öz

Zihin-beden dualizmi, zihni ve bedeni birbirinden ayrı yapılar olarak ele alan ve bedeni bir makine olarak kavramsallaştıran yaklaşımıyla modern bilim ve tıbbın gelişimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu düşünsel çerçeve, anatomi ve fizyoloji alanlarında devrim niteliğinde ilerlemelere zemin hazırlamış olmakla birlikte; sağlığın öznel, sosyal ve psikolojik yönlerinin dışlanmasına da yol açmıştır. Bu yaklaşımın bir sonucu olarak, pozitivist temellere dayanan biyomedikal model, tıpta baskın paradigma haline gelmiş ve hastalıkları ölçülebilir fiziksel bozukluklara indirgemiştir.

Ancak bu indirgemeci bakış açısı, özellikle kronik hastalıklar, ruh sağlığı ve sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri gibi alanlarda yetersiz kalmış; bu nedenle artan eleştirilerin ardından biyopsikososyal model geliştirilmiştir. Bu model, biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal etmenleri birlikte ele almayı savunarak daha bütüncül bir sağlık anlayışı sunar. Öte yandan, dualist düşünce tarzı psikiyatrik hastalıkların damgalanmasına, etik tartışmaların klinik pratiğin dışına itilmesine ve koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri ile halk sağlığının geri planda kalmasına da katkıda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yapılan bazı araştırmalar, bireysel düzeyde dualist bir dünya görüşüne sahip olmanın sağlıklı yaşam davranışlarını olumsuz etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, sağlık alanındaki kavramsal ve yapısal eksikliklerin aşılabilmesi için, bütüncül, entegre ve dualist olmayan bir tıp anlayışına geçiş büyük önem taşımaktadır.

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