Syrian Women Under Temporary Protection in Türkiye: A Document Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Women are disproportionately affected by poverty, abuse, trauma, violence, and exploitation that stem from gender inequality throughout the migration process. Therefore, it is particularly important to present gender-specific data in migration-related research. This study aims to evaluate the problems faced by Syrian women in Türkiye from a gender perspective.

Method: This study employed the document analysis method, a qualitative research technique. A total of 36 reports, prepared by international organizations, the Government of the Republic of Türkiye, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and academics, concerning Syrian refugees who migrated to Türkiye, were analyzed. These reports, published between 2012 and 2024, were evaluated using a semi-structured data collection form. The findings are categorized and presented under the following themes: shelter, security, violence, nutrition, health, education, legal status, and integration.

Findings: The analyzed reports highlighted issues related to gender, language, and education. It was found that women asylum-seekers are often perceived as passive actors in the migration process. Issues such as the prevalence of second marriages among Syrian women and child marriages of Syrian girls were identified as problematic for both the individuals involved and the broader community. The reports indicate that asylum-seeking women frequently struggle with overcoming language barriers and face cultural expectations that limit their mobility outside the home. Consequently, they experience significant difficulties in meeting their basic needs and achieving social integration. These challenges are further exacerbated during disaster periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Additionally, the requirement for official registration to access state services acts as a significant barrier for women. The findings also reveal that current legal regulations are not fully aligned with international standards.

Conclusion: It is essential to develop targeted projects focusing on the education of Syrian girls and the employment of skilled Syrian women. The number of "Multi-Purpose Community Centers," which provide services such as healthcare, language training, vocational training, job placement, and support for starting businesses, should be increased. Local governments require greater support from the state to effectively manage these initiatives. Additionally, further research is needed on Syrian refugee women, with a particular focus on gender-related issues, to inform the development of appropriate policies. Gender-sensitive planning is crucial during and after disasters, such as pandemics, earthquakes, and floods. To achieve these goals, the Turkish state should enhance collaboration with NGOs and academic institutions.